Stephen Crane (1871–1900) was a pioneering American novelist, poet, and short story writer who emerged as a discerning proponent of literary naturalism. He is often acclaimed for his early exploration of psychological realism and human behavior under extreme conditions. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Crane decisively influenced the genre of realistic fiction with his starkly vivid depictions of individual plight amidst an indifferent universe. Despite his brief life, cut short at the age of 28 by tuberculosis, Crane's contribution to American literature is substantial. His most notable work, 'The Red Badge of Courage' (1895), is a seminal Civil War novel acclaimed for its impressionistic portrayal of a young soldier's experience. However, it was 'Maggie: A Girl of the Streets' (1893), initially published pseudonymously due to its controversial content, that introduced Crane's characteristic blend of gritty urban environment and the blight of poverty. This novella candidly portrayed the brutal realities of life in the New York slums, thus challenging the moral sensibilities of the Gilded Age and establishing Crane's reputation as a realist and a forerunner of literary modernism. His works remain a cornerstone in the study of American literature, offering insight into the human condition through a lens unvarnished by romantic idealism.