This special issue of Res Cogitans is dedicated to the problems of neuroethics, i.e. the ethics of brain research and its applications. Most of the authors of the papers are philosophers and bioethicists, and their approach is conceptual and normative rather than purely empirical – although many empirical matters are also considered in the papers. This collection grew out of a workshop on Neuroethics and Consciousness that took place in Turku, Finland, in August 20-21, 2010.